Comparative / Superlative

 Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing two things, the two basic ways to compare are using as as or than.

Ex: 

• She's twice as old as her sister.

• He's not as stupid as he looks!

• I'm almost as Good in math as in Science. 

• This book is not as exciting as the last one.

• She's stronger at chess than I'm.. 

• It's much colder today than it was yesterday.

• Our car's bigger than your car. 

• This Grammar topic is easier than most others.

When comparing with as… as the adjective does not change. When comparing with than However, some changes are necessary, depending on the number of syllables the adjective has.

1- Syllable adjectives: add-er to the adjective. 

Ex: 

• My sister is much taller than me.

Note: if the word ends: consonant-vowel- consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the comparative.

Ex: 

• Big-Bigger, Fat Tatter, Hot-Ho Her.

2- Syllable adjectives ending in-Y: change the Y to- IER 

Ex: 

• She's looking Happier today.

BEWARE: Don't confuse adjectives and adverbs. 

3- Syllable adverbs ending in -Y must be compared with the word more. 

Ex. 

• I drive more quickly (quicklier) than my brother.

4 Syllable adjectives: use More with the unchanged adjective.

Ex: 

• The shops are always more crowded just before christmas.

5. Syllable adjectives cau be formed with er. Ex: 

• Simple- simpler, Clever - cleverer, Narrow-narronger 

6- Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: unchanged adjectives. 

Ex: 

• Russian grammar is more difficult than English Grammar.

In the Superlative you talk about one thing only and How it is the best, worst, etc, You don't compare two things.

1- Syllable adjectives; add-est to the adjectives (Plus the)

Ex: 

• Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far. 

Note: If the word ends:consonant - vowel - consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the superlative 

Ex: 

• Big-Biggest, Fat-Fallest, Hot-Hottest. 

2-Syllable adjectives ending in -Y: change the -Y to - Iest (plus the)

Ex: 

• The richest people aren't always the happiest. 

BEWARE: Don't confuse adjectives and adverbs

2-syllable adiantes ending in-Y form their superlative with the words the most.

Ex: 

• Of all the people I Know my father drives the most quickly. (quickliest)

Other 

2-Syllable adjectives: use the most with the unchanged adjective.

Ex: 

• The most boring thing about ESL Class is doing Grammar exercises.

Note : the Superlative of some shorter. 

2 - Syllable adjectives can be formed with - er Ex:

• Simple - simpliest - Clever-cleverest, Narrow-narrowest.

Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the unchanged adjective.

 

Ex: 

• Some people think that Russian is the most difficult language.

• You are the most irritating Person I have ever met! 

Following are two common irregular comparative / super- lative forms: Good-Better- The Best, Bad-Worse - The Worst. 

The following guidelines apply to the comparative / supertal lative of most adverbs: 

1- Syllable adverbs: add - er / est. 

Ex: 

• I can run faster than you. 

• I can run the fastest in my class. 

 Other adverbs: use more

 Ex: 

• She gave more quickly than me

• Of all the students she ran the most quickly. 

*In informal English it is common to hear the adjectival comparative / superlative form of two - syllable adverbs. 

• She ran quicker than me. She saw the quickest.

English speakers prefer to use the nominative plus a verb rather than the accusative in such comparative sentences especially in formal situations they say, For example:

• My sister is taller than I'm, or she ran more quickly than I did.

If adjectives have two syllables. can use er est or more most are especially used with adjectives ending in -y- le - ow and es. 

(Noisy) - this is the noisiest pub I've been in.

(Clever ) -She's the cleverest.

We can appreciate that is more - used - more / most than -er / est.

Adjective with two or more syllables normally use More / Most :

• This is the most idiotic thing I ever heard.

• I prefer a more traditional Christmas 

But this rule has exceptions: 

• She's unhappier than she has ever been.

The Past participle in adjectival function form the comparative and superlative with more / most: 

• She's more gifted than her sister.

• The most advanced students.

If comparing is between two adjectives (planning an opposition) it's used more: 

• This sauce is more sweet than sour.

Inferiority comparative. For form the inferiority of comparative and superlative we use adverbs like less / the least to adjectives.

• It's less interesting than I thought it would be.

• This was the least interesting of this comments.

USES

In comparatives sentences "than" is translated for "what" But when we use In it's translated for Of .

• There isn't a bigger building than this in the world.

• This is the biggest building in the world.

The comparative is used when comparing two persons or things: 

• Of the two she is the cleverer.

The superlative is used when comparing more than two persons or things: 

• She is the cleverest in the class. 

The absolute superlative is used most for indicating a "high grade" but not the west. 

• This is most Kind!!

• I thought this lecture was most interesting.

But sometimes we can find any supertative ending in - est -  in attributive function: 

• Please accept my sincerest congratulations!

PARTICULAR CASES.

Further / Farther and Furthest / Farthest : Further is used more commonly than Farther when we are referring about distance. (and when we use it as adverb): 

• This is the furthest (Farthest) points about

If we are referring about the time or a name, we can no use more than further:

• This must be delayed until a further meeting.

Later / Latter and latest / Last: 

Later and latest do references about time, latter and last do references in order to the secuency.